Thứ Tư, 15 tháng 5, 2013

Buenos Aires launches tours for dedicated fans of the first Argentine pope

BUENOS AIRES, Argentina - You can see the streets where he grew up and played soccer, the church where Jorge Bergoglio prayed as a teenager and the cathedral where the man who would become Pope Francis said Mass. You can even visit the stand where he bought his newspapers every weekend and where he went for a haircut.

With an Argentine on the throne of St. Peter, the South American country's capital city has launched a series of guided tours to give visitors a glimpse of the places that formed Francis, even if the bus and walking tours are just a modest, and so far non-commercial first stab at papal tourism.

The tour bus is a single-story cruiser with sealed windows above a huge image on each side of Francis and the words "Pope Circuit" in papal yellow, which also happens to be the official colour of the metropolitan government that began offering the tours last weekend.

For three hours, the bus winds through Buenos Aires twice each Saturday and Sunday and can carry about 40 passengers, rolling past 24 sites linked to the new pope, but stopping only twice and leaving little opportunity for snapshots. There's no charge for the trip, or for more limited walking tours of downtown and neighbourhood sites offered on Tuesdays and Thursdays.

"I loved the tour ... It's to live the history of Bergoglio, of his family, and I also visited his neighbourhood, which I had never seen," said Alicia Perez, a 71-year-old Argentine who was one of the few non-journalists on inaugural bus tour.

The house at 531 Membrillar where the pope and four siblings grew up with his mother and father, Regina Maria Sivori and Mario Bergoglio, in the 1930s and 40s is gone now, but the bus cruises down the tree-shaded middle-class street past the property, where another dwelling was later built.

Nearby there's the little plaza where he played soccer as a boy, and the narrow, neo-classical San Jose de Flores church where he worshipped as a teenager and felt called to devote his life to God.

Visitors also see the seminary in the leafy neighbourhood of Villa Devoto where Bergoglio decided to become a Jesuit priest, and the Metropolitan Cathedral, which looks more like a classical Greek temple than a typical Catholic church. Bergoglio eventually presided as the capital's archbishop in the imposing structure, which also houses the tomb of South American independence hero Jose de San Martin.

The tour also passes by the Jesuit College of El Salvador, where Bergoglio taught literature and psychology in the 1960s, and the Salvador University he later oversaw.

The tour leaves out the gritty slums where Bergoglio's church was a frequent benefactor, but there's a nod to his reputation for ministering to society's outcasts: a swing past the Devoto prison where he often said Mass on the Thursday before Easter.

The bus finally stops at the parish of San Jose del Talar, where visitors can pray at a sanctuary that features a painting of the Virgin untying knots and passing them to angels. Bergoglio had the painting brought from Germany in the 1980s, and ever since, attendance at the church has soared.

Less sacred ground is covered as well. The bus stops downtown at the historic Roverano passageway, where Bergoglio had a monthly haircut for 20 years at Romano's barber shop, a high-ceilinged place that seems to have been frozen in time since the early 20th Century. But the barbers would rather not be bothered: Tourists are advised to gawk from outside as the artisans with scissors and razors work on their mostly elderly clientele.

"It's a pride to have had Monsignor Bergoglio, now Pope Francis, as a client every month for 20 years," says a poster stuck to the shop window.

Owner Nicolas Romano, 72, is only four years younger than the pope. He told an Associated Press team that returned for a post-tour interview that Bergoglio came to the barbershop until about a decade ago, when one of the barbers began giving him a personal trim at the archbishop's office. An assistant also gave him a monthly pedicure.

"He was a man of few words. He spoke just what was needed, sometimes of politics or current affairs," said one of the barbers, 71-year-old Mario Saliche.

The tour ends at the Plaza de Mayo, which is fronted by the cathedral and the office building where Bergoglio lived alone in a humble room, shunning an ornate diocesan mansion in a northern suburb. The church has not provided outsiders with access to this bedroom, despite the curiosity of the faithful.

Across the plaza is the newsstand where Bergoglio bought his La Nacion paper on Saturdays and Sundays.

"He paid me with coins and we chatted about soccer and how things were," said Nicolas Schandor, who owns the weekend stand. He also said Bergoglio would stop to chat with war veterans occupying the plaza, and give food to the poor who slept on the cathedral's steps. "He's a very simple person. Nobody expected he would become pope."

Schandor's kiosk is one of the few attractions on the trip that shows any evidence of papal commerce: A plastic key holder with the pope's image goes for about $1.90, and a calendar costs $2.30. Schandor said some tourists even have themselves photographed with him.

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AP Video available at https://vimeo.com/66256578


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Courtroom use of mental illness manual often debated

Courtroom gavel (Thinkstock)Behavioral addictions could be considered bona fide illnesses under the American Psychiatric Association’s new manual for mental disorders, prompting criticism from some pundits.

“You see, I'm addicted to bling, so I just had to knock over the jewelry store,” quipped Kent Scheidegger on his Crime and Consequences blog as a possible excuse a suspect might give.

Scheidegger is legal director and general counsel for the Criminal Justice Legal Foundation, a nonprofit public interest group dedicated to advocating swift and fair punishment for criminals.

His bling addiction humor aside, Scheidegger told Yahoo News he’s concerned about how the APA’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5) will play out in the legal community. The “bible” for psychiatric diagnoses is primarily a health care tool, but is often quoted as gospel in courtrooms, too.

“In an awful lot of criminal cases, the guy is guilty as sin … they’ve got him cold, and [defense attorneys] turn to mental defenses as a last resort,” Scheidegger said.

The new DSM broadens the scope for adult attention deficit disorder and adds a controversial diagnosis of "disruptive mood dysregulation disorder" (defined by critics as temper tantrums) for children.

“Forensically, we can expect to see it asserted in approximately 98% of juvenile delinquency cases,” Scheidegger wrote on his crime blog.

DSM-5 reportedly makes little change regarding personality disorders, a section some argued was in need of a clearer set of diagnostic guidelines.

“Personality disorders … that’s one that really stick in my craw,” Scheidegger said of its use in criminal defense. “Anti-social personality disorder is nothing more than a clinical-sounding label for people who are just plain evil.”

But Texas lawyer Barry Sorrels said he gives “the 'DSM' and the people that are responsible for producing it great credibility. It’s the handbook that we all refer to to get our sea legs beneath us on these issues.”

The veteran criminal defense attorney said expert testimony by a psychologist or psychiatrist can be especially useful in punishment phases.

“If it can be proven and if it’s believed, then the jury or the judge needs to hear about evidence related to mental health issues,” Sorrels said. “I doubt mood disorders would ever be used as evidence for legal insanity, but I could see them being used in mitigation to help explain somebody’s behavior.”

Like the previous version, DSM-5 will include a disclaimer regarding its relevancy as a legal instrument. The opening pages of DSM-4 explain that the categorizations of mental disorders “may not be wholly relevant to legal judgments, for example, that take into account such issues as individual responsibility … and competency.”

“But it’s used that way anyway,” Scheidegger said. “There are some disorders that indeed have an impact on a person’s culpability and there are others that really don’t.”

He worries that more definitions and diagnosis will only cloud the focus of judges and juries.

“It probably aggravates an already difficult situation,” Scheidegger said. “Unfortunately there’s a long history of juries being excessively gullible when confronted with an expert.”

Sorrels, who has defended clients in hundreds of cases, scoffed at the notion.

“Well, I guarantee you the most gullible of all juries are a lot smarter than people who think juries are gullible; that’s been my experience,” he said.

Howard Zonana, a reviewer of DSM-5 on behalf of the APA’s Council of Psychiatry and the Law, said DSM discord is to be expected, but that he is still a believer in the publication as a useful guide.

“With a new book there are going to be some changes and it’s always unclear how that’s going to play out in a courtroom,” said Zonana, a clinical professor at Yale Law School. “We’ll probably learn just like we did with the other ones what things are problematic and what things aren’t.”

The problematic part is what steers veteran forensic psychologist Charlton Stanley away from the DSM as much as possible.

“When it comes to a criminal case, oftentimes when you try to get into a diagnosis, all it does is muddy the waters,” Stanley said. “The DSM is a book created by a committee who is sensitive to what is politically correct. They put stuff in and take stuff out based on criteria that nobody seems to understand.”


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Religious groups say they were scrutinized by IRS

WASHINGTON (AP) — Two conservative religious groups say they were also the subject of unusual scrutiny from the Internal Revenue Service.

The son of the Rev. Billy Graham as well as leaders of Z Street, a conservative Jewish organization, have said they believe they were pressed by the IRS for more information because they advocated for conservative causes.

In a letter Tuesday to President Barack Obama and Vice President Joe Biden, the Rev. Franklin Graham said charities built by his father may have received extra scrutiny from the IRS because they advocated against gay marriage and the elder Graham appeared in ads urging support for candidates who oppose abortion.

"I do not believe that the IRS audit of our two organizations last year is a coincidence — or justifiable," Franklin Graham wrote. "I am bringing this to your attention because I believe that someone in the administration was targeting and attempting to intimidate us. This is morally wrong and unethical — indeed some would call it 'un-American.'"

Franklin Graham said his Boone, N.C.-based charity Samaritan's Purse and the Billy Graham Evangelistic Association, which is based in Charlotte, received IRS notices last September that their 2010 activities would be reviewed.

In the letter to Obama and Biden, Graham noted that the evangelistic association named for his father waded into a North Carolina election by running full-page newspaper advertisements urging support for a state constitutional amendment banning gay marriage. Both Franklin Graham and the 94-year-old Billy Graham supported Republican nominee Mitt Romney in last year's presidential election. Billy Graham also appeared in national newspaper ads and newspaper ads in Ohio urging voters to back candidates who base their decisions on biblical principles, oppose gay marriage and abortion, and defend religious freedoms.

After the November election, Franklin Graham said, the two organizations received official notices that they continued to qualify for exemption from federal income taxes.

Members of Z Street, a group based in Merion Station, Pa., filed suit in 2010 after its application for tax-exempt status stalled. The group's president, Lori Lowenthal Marcus, told Fox News that she believes her organization — it advocates a staunch, pro-Israel position — was scrutinized in a way similar to tea party groups that the IRS has now acknowledged were inappropriately targeted.

In its suit, Z Street says it was told by the IRS that it was "scrutinizing" groups connected with Israel and that its case was being referred to a special IRS unit. Z Street's application for status as a tax-exempt, 501 (c) 3 organization has not yet been approved. A hearing on its suit is scheduled for July 2 in U.S. District Court in Washington.

Lowenthal said she believes Z Street was targeted because of her group's views on Israel.

"We knew that this is classic viewpoint discrimination," she said.

Dean Patterson, a spokesman for the IRS, said he could not comment on either Z Street or Franklin Graham's claims.

"Federal law prohibits the IRS from discussing specific tax payers," Patterson said.

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Associated Press writer Emery Dalesio in Raleigh, N.C., contributed to this report.


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Disgraced Cardinal to leave Scotland for penance-Vatican

VATICAN CITY (Reuters) - Cardinal Keith O'Brien, who resigned as head of the Roman Catholic Church in Scotland after acknowledging sexual misconduct, will leave Scotland for months of "prayer and penance", the Vatican said on Wednesday.

A statement said O'Brien, who was Britain's most senior Catholic cleric until his resignation in February, would be leaving his country for the same reasons that he decided not to participate in the conclave that elected Pope Francis.

It said Francis had agreed with the decision but did not say whether it was the pope's idea that O'Brien should leave for what the Vatican said would be "several months for the purpose of spiritual renewal, prayer and penance".

It did not say where he was going.

O'Brien resigned as archbishop of St. Andrews and Edinburgh in February after three priests and one former priest from a Scottish diocese complained over incidents of sexual misconduct dating back to the 1980s.

He has apologized for sexual conduct which he said had "fallen below the standards expected of me".

(Reporting by Philip Pullella; Editing by Louise Ireland)


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Poll: 61% say ‘no’ to guns in homes of kids with mental health problems

The Lanza home, March 28, 2013. (Dylan Stableford/Yahoo News)

In the wake of the Newtown, Conn., school shootings, gun control advocates called for more background checks. Gun rights advocates called for more school security. And mental health advocates called for more dialogue about mental health.

While the first two calls have gone largely unanswered, it appears the third is beginning to be addressed, at least on the family level.

According to a recent survey of 1,600 parents conducted by the Child Mind Institute and Parents magazine, 60 percent are concerned that kids who have a mental illness—like Asperger’s Syndrome, which Newtown gunman Adam Lanza reportedly had—are more likely to hurt themselves or others. And 61 percent of parents said that parents of children with mental health problems should not be allowed to have a gun in their home.

But according to an oft-cited American Psychiatric Association study, "the vast majority of people who are violent do not suffer from mental illnesses."

"The truth is that most violent crimes are not actually committed by people who are mentally ill," Parents deputy editor Diane Debrovner, who helped coordinate the survey, told Yahoo News.

In fact, "people with serious mental illnesses are actually at higher risk of being victims of violence than perpetrators," Thomas Insel, director of the National Institute on Mental Health, wrote in the wake of the shootings in Tuscon, Ariz., in 2011.

And, Debrovner said, “kids with mental health disorders can grow up to lead happy, productive lives when they get proper care."

[Related: Courtroom use of mental illness manual often debated]

But it's unclear what kind of mental health care Lanza was getting, if any, on Dec. 14, 2012, when police say he shot his mother in her bedroom of the Newtown home they shared, forced his way into Sandy Hook Elementary School and opened fire, killing 20 first graders and six adults before shooting himself. Earlier this week, the Hartford Courant reported that an autopsy performed on Lanza revealed he did not have antidepressants or anti-psychotic medications in body.

The stigma surrounding mental health issues prevent many parents and teachers from getting kids the support—and medication—they need, according to Dr. Harold Koplewicz, president of the Child Mind Institute.

“The Newtown shooting has lead to a national conversation about mental health,” Koplewicz said in a release announcing the findings. “What we hope will come from the tragedy is openness that starts in each family and community, when we acknowledge our worries about our own children, and help make other parents feel safe enough to speak up about their worries, too.”

To that point, the results were encouraging: 66 percent of respondents "believe that parents are now more likely to seek help if their child’s behavior worries them."

"We've heard that an increasing number of pediatricians and primary care doctors have mental-health providers in the same office," Debrovner added, "just down the hall."

Click here to see the full results.


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Iran MPs urge ban on presidential runs by Rafsanjani, Mashaie

By Yeganeh Torbati

DUBAI (Reuters) - Some 100 legislators are demanding a ban on two top independent candidates including ex-president Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani from Iran's June presidential election in what may be a further move to thwart any brewing challenge to the clerical supreme leader.

The petition by parliamentarians to Iran's Guardian Council emerged three days after the electoral watchdog said outgoing President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad may face charges for accompanying former aide Esfandiar Rahim Mashaie, the other high-profile independent, to register on Saturday for the vote.

That warning raised speculation that the council would bar Mashaie. The parliamentarians - conservative hardliners loyal to Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei - appeared to follow up by urging the watchdog to disqualify both independents.

After mass protests that followed the 2009 election, Khamenei may have counted on the June 14 vote to install a loyal conservative as president but the surprise candidacies of Rafsanjani and Mashaie scrambled that outlook.

In entering the fray, Rafsanjani - Iran's most prominent political grandee and a relative moderate - and Mashaie, former chief of staff to Ahmadinejad, have broadened what many thought would be a contest between rival pro-Khamenei "principlists".

Principlists dominate parliament and they lost little time in condemning Rafsanjani and Mashaie's electoral quest as the Guardian Council carries out its task of vetting all candidates.

In a letter to the Council, the legislators criticized Rafsanjani for having aligned with opposition forces, who hardliners refer to as "seditionists," after Ahmadinejad's disputed 2009 re-election over reformist challengers triggered months of popular unrest eventually suppressed by force.

"This all shows that he cannot be entrusted with a great responsibility like the presidency," the letter said, according to the semi-official Mehr news agency.

"BLOCK DEVIANTS, SEDITIONISTS"

The petition further denounced Mashaie, who is seen by conservatives in Iran's political establishment to be leading a "deviant current" that promotes an unorthodox version of Islam and seeks to sideline clerical authority.

"The same ones who tried to replace Islamism with nationalism have ... gathered the corrupt and the liberals around them," the letter read. "The Guardian Council, as in the past, can block the way for deviants and seditionists."

The presidential field is otherwise top-heavy with conservatives loyal to Khamenei including Saeed Jalili, chief negotiator in talks with world powers on Iran's disputed nuclear program, and former foreign minister Ali Akbar Velayati.

The Guardian Council is due to issue a final list of approved candidates around May 23.

The council is a body of Islamic jurists and clerics seen to be generally within Khamenei's orbit but has said it is not susceptible to political pressure and would perform its vetting duties in accordance with the law.

Ahmadinejad, barred by Iran's constitution from running for a third consecutive term, was once the favorite of Khamenei's faithful but after repeatedly challenging the supreme leader's authority since 2009, he has fallen from political grace.

Authorities are mindful of pre-empting another eruption of protests like those that followed the 2009 vote, and critics say the government has sought to stifle journalists and activists ahead of the election.

On Wednesday Iranian Intelligence Minister Heydar Moslehi said his ministry was ready to counter any plans to disrupt the elections.

"They have designs for these elections, but they will all be foiled," he said, according to Fars news agency. "Most of these plans are in the areas of media."

In a speech on Wednesday, Khamenei, Iran's most powerful man, said the people of Iran should vote for a "pious, revolutionary" candidate in order to ensure the failure of Iran's "enemy," the ISNA news agency reported.

But he also warned candidates not to promise too much in their campaigns. "In order to attract votes, sometimes candidates introduce slogans outside of the discretion of the president and the possibilities of the country," he said.

(Editing by Mark Heinrich)


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White House releases Benghazi documents

President Barack Obama speaks at a Democratic Party fundraiser at the Waldorf Astoria hotel in New York, May 13, …Under heavy political pressure, the White House on Wednesday released 100 pages of internal Obama Administration emails in which senior officials debated what to tell Americans about the Sept. 11, 2012 terrorist attack in Benghazi, Libya.

Republicans have charged that the White House played down the role of suspected terrorists in the attack, which left four Americans dead including U.S. Ambassador Chris Stevens. GOP lawmakers have said that President Barack Obama's reelection campaign did not want to undermine its message that al-Qaida was on the run. Obama has flatly denied any attempt to deceive the public, and on Monday he called the allegations a "sideshow" that dishonors the memories of those killed.

Some of the back-and-forth has centered on the email messages among top officials looking to craft "talking points" for members of Congress just a few days after the attack. The White House has accused Republicans of pushing "fabricated" messages to damage the administration.

On Wednesday, senior administration officials briefed reporters on the messages and provided binders of 100 pages of emails. The officials said the communications would show that the CIA led the changes to the talking points, including alterations that Republicans claim show a political motive. The officials went through the emails page by page.


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