Thứ Tư, 15 tháng 5, 2013

Buenos Aires launches tours for dedicated fans of the first Argentine pope

BUENOS AIRES, Argentina - You can see the streets where he grew up and played soccer, the church where Jorge Bergoglio prayed as a teenager and the cathedral where the man who would become Pope Francis said Mass. You can even visit the stand where he bought his newspapers every weekend and where he went for a haircut.

With an Argentine on the throne of St. Peter, the South American country's capital city has launched a series of guided tours to give visitors a glimpse of the places that formed Francis, even if the bus and walking tours are just a modest, and so far non-commercial first stab at papal tourism.

The tour bus is a single-story cruiser with sealed windows above a huge image on each side of Francis and the words "Pope Circuit" in papal yellow, which also happens to be the official colour of the metropolitan government that began offering the tours last weekend.

For three hours, the bus winds through Buenos Aires twice each Saturday and Sunday and can carry about 40 passengers, rolling past 24 sites linked to the new pope, but stopping only twice and leaving little opportunity for snapshots. There's no charge for the trip, or for more limited walking tours of downtown and neighbourhood sites offered on Tuesdays and Thursdays.

"I loved the tour ... It's to live the history of Bergoglio, of his family, and I also visited his neighbourhood, which I had never seen," said Alicia Perez, a 71-year-old Argentine who was one of the few non-journalists on inaugural bus tour.

The house at 531 Membrillar where the pope and four siblings grew up with his mother and father, Regina Maria Sivori and Mario Bergoglio, in the 1930s and 40s is gone now, but the bus cruises down the tree-shaded middle-class street past the property, where another dwelling was later built.

Nearby there's the little plaza where he played soccer as a boy, and the narrow, neo-classical San Jose de Flores church where he worshipped as a teenager and felt called to devote his life to God.

Visitors also see the seminary in the leafy neighbourhood of Villa Devoto where Bergoglio decided to become a Jesuit priest, and the Metropolitan Cathedral, which looks more like a classical Greek temple than a typical Catholic church. Bergoglio eventually presided as the capital's archbishop in the imposing structure, which also houses the tomb of South American independence hero Jose de San Martin.

The tour also passes by the Jesuit College of El Salvador, where Bergoglio taught literature and psychology in the 1960s, and the Salvador University he later oversaw.

The tour leaves out the gritty slums where Bergoglio's church was a frequent benefactor, but there's a nod to his reputation for ministering to society's outcasts: a swing past the Devoto prison where he often said Mass on the Thursday before Easter.

The bus finally stops at the parish of San Jose del Talar, where visitors can pray at a sanctuary that features a painting of the Virgin untying knots and passing them to angels. Bergoglio had the painting brought from Germany in the 1980s, and ever since, attendance at the church has soared.

Less sacred ground is covered as well. The bus stops downtown at the historic Roverano passageway, where Bergoglio had a monthly haircut for 20 years at Romano's barber shop, a high-ceilinged place that seems to have been frozen in time since the early 20th Century. But the barbers would rather not be bothered: Tourists are advised to gawk from outside as the artisans with scissors and razors work on their mostly elderly clientele.

"It's a pride to have had Monsignor Bergoglio, now Pope Francis, as a client every month for 20 years," says a poster stuck to the shop window.

Owner Nicolas Romano, 72, is only four years younger than the pope. He told an Associated Press team that returned for a post-tour interview that Bergoglio came to the barbershop until about a decade ago, when one of the barbers began giving him a personal trim at the archbishop's office. An assistant also gave him a monthly pedicure.

"He was a man of few words. He spoke just what was needed, sometimes of politics or current affairs," said one of the barbers, 71-year-old Mario Saliche.

The tour ends at the Plaza de Mayo, which is fronted by the cathedral and the office building where Bergoglio lived alone in a humble room, shunning an ornate diocesan mansion in a northern suburb. The church has not provided outsiders with access to this bedroom, despite the curiosity of the faithful.

Across the plaza is the newsstand where Bergoglio bought his La Nacion paper on Saturdays and Sundays.

"He paid me with coins and we chatted about soccer and how things were," said Nicolas Schandor, who owns the weekend stand. He also said Bergoglio would stop to chat with war veterans occupying the plaza, and give food to the poor who slept on the cathedral's steps. "He's a very simple person. Nobody expected he would become pope."

Schandor's kiosk is one of the few attractions on the trip that shows any evidence of papal commerce: A plastic key holder with the pope's image goes for about $1.90, and a calendar costs $2.30. Schandor said some tourists even have themselves photographed with him.

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AP Video available at https://vimeo.com/66256578


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Courtroom use of mental illness manual often debated

Courtroom gavel (Thinkstock)Behavioral addictions could be considered bona fide illnesses under the American Psychiatric Association’s new manual for mental disorders, prompting criticism from some pundits.

“You see, I'm addicted to bling, so I just had to knock over the jewelry store,” quipped Kent Scheidegger on his Crime and Consequences blog as a possible excuse a suspect might give.

Scheidegger is legal director and general counsel for the Criminal Justice Legal Foundation, a nonprofit public interest group dedicated to advocating swift and fair punishment for criminals.

His bling addiction humor aside, Scheidegger told Yahoo News he’s concerned about how the APA’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5) will play out in the legal community. The “bible” for psychiatric diagnoses is primarily a health care tool, but is often quoted as gospel in courtrooms, too.

“In an awful lot of criminal cases, the guy is guilty as sin … they’ve got him cold, and [defense attorneys] turn to mental defenses as a last resort,” Scheidegger said.

The new DSM broadens the scope for adult attention deficit disorder and adds a controversial diagnosis of "disruptive mood dysregulation disorder" (defined by critics as temper tantrums) for children.

“Forensically, we can expect to see it asserted in approximately 98% of juvenile delinquency cases,” Scheidegger wrote on his crime blog.

DSM-5 reportedly makes little change regarding personality disorders, a section some argued was in need of a clearer set of diagnostic guidelines.

“Personality disorders … that’s one that really stick in my craw,” Scheidegger said of its use in criminal defense. “Anti-social personality disorder is nothing more than a clinical-sounding label for people who are just plain evil.”

But Texas lawyer Barry Sorrels said he gives “the 'DSM' and the people that are responsible for producing it great credibility. It’s the handbook that we all refer to to get our sea legs beneath us on these issues.”

The veteran criminal defense attorney said expert testimony by a psychologist or psychiatrist can be especially useful in punishment phases.

“If it can be proven and if it’s believed, then the jury or the judge needs to hear about evidence related to mental health issues,” Sorrels said. “I doubt mood disorders would ever be used as evidence for legal insanity, but I could see them being used in mitigation to help explain somebody’s behavior.”

Like the previous version, DSM-5 will include a disclaimer regarding its relevancy as a legal instrument. The opening pages of DSM-4 explain that the categorizations of mental disorders “may not be wholly relevant to legal judgments, for example, that take into account such issues as individual responsibility … and competency.”

“But it’s used that way anyway,” Scheidegger said. “There are some disorders that indeed have an impact on a person’s culpability and there are others that really don’t.”

He worries that more definitions and diagnosis will only cloud the focus of judges and juries.

“It probably aggravates an already difficult situation,” Scheidegger said. “Unfortunately there’s a long history of juries being excessively gullible when confronted with an expert.”

Sorrels, who has defended clients in hundreds of cases, scoffed at the notion.

“Well, I guarantee you the most gullible of all juries are a lot smarter than people who think juries are gullible; that’s been my experience,” he said.

Howard Zonana, a reviewer of DSM-5 on behalf of the APA’s Council of Psychiatry and the Law, said DSM discord is to be expected, but that he is still a believer in the publication as a useful guide.

“With a new book there are going to be some changes and it’s always unclear how that’s going to play out in a courtroom,” said Zonana, a clinical professor at Yale Law School. “We’ll probably learn just like we did with the other ones what things are problematic and what things aren’t.”

The problematic part is what steers veteran forensic psychologist Charlton Stanley away from the DSM as much as possible.

“When it comes to a criminal case, oftentimes when you try to get into a diagnosis, all it does is muddy the waters,” Stanley said. “The DSM is a book created by a committee who is sensitive to what is politically correct. They put stuff in and take stuff out based on criteria that nobody seems to understand.”


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Religious groups say they were scrutinized by IRS

WASHINGTON (AP) — Two conservative religious groups say they were also the subject of unusual scrutiny from the Internal Revenue Service.

The son of the Rev. Billy Graham as well as leaders of Z Street, a conservative Jewish organization, have said they believe they were pressed by the IRS for more information because they advocated for conservative causes.

In a letter Tuesday to President Barack Obama and Vice President Joe Biden, the Rev. Franklin Graham said charities built by his father may have received extra scrutiny from the IRS because they advocated against gay marriage and the elder Graham appeared in ads urging support for candidates who oppose abortion.

"I do not believe that the IRS audit of our two organizations last year is a coincidence — or justifiable," Franklin Graham wrote. "I am bringing this to your attention because I believe that someone in the administration was targeting and attempting to intimidate us. This is morally wrong and unethical — indeed some would call it 'un-American.'"

Franklin Graham said his Boone, N.C.-based charity Samaritan's Purse and the Billy Graham Evangelistic Association, which is based in Charlotte, received IRS notices last September that their 2010 activities would be reviewed.

In the letter to Obama and Biden, Graham noted that the evangelistic association named for his father waded into a North Carolina election by running full-page newspaper advertisements urging support for a state constitutional amendment banning gay marriage. Both Franklin Graham and the 94-year-old Billy Graham supported Republican nominee Mitt Romney in last year's presidential election. Billy Graham also appeared in national newspaper ads and newspaper ads in Ohio urging voters to back candidates who base their decisions on biblical principles, oppose gay marriage and abortion, and defend religious freedoms.

After the November election, Franklin Graham said, the two organizations received official notices that they continued to qualify for exemption from federal income taxes.

Members of Z Street, a group based in Merion Station, Pa., filed suit in 2010 after its application for tax-exempt status stalled. The group's president, Lori Lowenthal Marcus, told Fox News that she believes her organization — it advocates a staunch, pro-Israel position — was scrutinized in a way similar to tea party groups that the IRS has now acknowledged were inappropriately targeted.

In its suit, Z Street says it was told by the IRS that it was "scrutinizing" groups connected with Israel and that its case was being referred to a special IRS unit. Z Street's application for status as a tax-exempt, 501 (c) 3 organization has not yet been approved. A hearing on its suit is scheduled for July 2 in U.S. District Court in Washington.

Lowenthal said she believes Z Street was targeted because of her group's views on Israel.

"We knew that this is classic viewpoint discrimination," she said.

Dean Patterson, a spokesman for the IRS, said he could not comment on either Z Street or Franklin Graham's claims.

"Federal law prohibits the IRS from discussing specific tax payers," Patterson said.

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Associated Press writer Emery Dalesio in Raleigh, N.C., contributed to this report.


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Disgraced Cardinal to leave Scotland for penance-Vatican

VATICAN CITY (Reuters) - Cardinal Keith O'Brien, who resigned as head of the Roman Catholic Church in Scotland after acknowledging sexual misconduct, will leave Scotland for months of "prayer and penance", the Vatican said on Wednesday.

A statement said O'Brien, who was Britain's most senior Catholic cleric until his resignation in February, would be leaving his country for the same reasons that he decided not to participate in the conclave that elected Pope Francis.

It said Francis had agreed with the decision but did not say whether it was the pope's idea that O'Brien should leave for what the Vatican said would be "several months for the purpose of spiritual renewal, prayer and penance".

It did not say where he was going.

O'Brien resigned as archbishop of St. Andrews and Edinburgh in February after three priests and one former priest from a Scottish diocese complained over incidents of sexual misconduct dating back to the 1980s.

He has apologized for sexual conduct which he said had "fallen below the standards expected of me".

(Reporting by Philip Pullella; Editing by Louise Ireland)


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Poll: 61% say ‘no’ to guns in homes of kids with mental health problems

The Lanza home, March 28, 2013. (Dylan Stableford/Yahoo News)

In the wake of the Newtown, Conn., school shootings, gun control advocates called for more background checks. Gun rights advocates called for more school security. And mental health advocates called for more dialogue about mental health.

While the first two calls have gone largely unanswered, it appears the third is beginning to be addressed, at least on the family level.

According to a recent survey of 1,600 parents conducted by the Child Mind Institute and Parents magazine, 60 percent are concerned that kids who have a mental illness—like Asperger’s Syndrome, which Newtown gunman Adam Lanza reportedly had—are more likely to hurt themselves or others. And 61 percent of parents said that parents of children with mental health problems should not be allowed to have a gun in their home.

But according to an oft-cited American Psychiatric Association study, "the vast majority of people who are violent do not suffer from mental illnesses."

"The truth is that most violent crimes are not actually committed by people who are mentally ill," Parents deputy editor Diane Debrovner, who helped coordinate the survey, told Yahoo News.

In fact, "people with serious mental illnesses are actually at higher risk of being victims of violence than perpetrators," Thomas Insel, director of the National Institute on Mental Health, wrote in the wake of the shootings in Tuscon, Ariz., in 2011.

And, Debrovner said, “kids with mental health disorders can grow up to lead happy, productive lives when they get proper care."

[Related: Courtroom use of mental illness manual often debated]

But it's unclear what kind of mental health care Lanza was getting, if any, on Dec. 14, 2012, when police say he shot his mother in her bedroom of the Newtown home they shared, forced his way into Sandy Hook Elementary School and opened fire, killing 20 first graders and six adults before shooting himself. Earlier this week, the Hartford Courant reported that an autopsy performed on Lanza revealed he did not have antidepressants or anti-psychotic medications in body.

The stigma surrounding mental health issues prevent many parents and teachers from getting kids the support—and medication—they need, according to Dr. Harold Koplewicz, president of the Child Mind Institute.

“The Newtown shooting has lead to a national conversation about mental health,” Koplewicz said in a release announcing the findings. “What we hope will come from the tragedy is openness that starts in each family and community, when we acknowledge our worries about our own children, and help make other parents feel safe enough to speak up about their worries, too.”

To that point, the results were encouraging: 66 percent of respondents "believe that parents are now more likely to seek help if their child’s behavior worries them."

"We've heard that an increasing number of pediatricians and primary care doctors have mental-health providers in the same office," Debrovner added, "just down the hall."

Click here to see the full results.


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Iran MPs urge ban on presidential runs by Rafsanjani, Mashaie

By Yeganeh Torbati

DUBAI (Reuters) - Some 100 legislators are demanding a ban on two top independent candidates including ex-president Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani from Iran's June presidential election in what may be a further move to thwart any brewing challenge to the clerical supreme leader.

The petition by parliamentarians to Iran's Guardian Council emerged three days after the electoral watchdog said outgoing President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad may face charges for accompanying former aide Esfandiar Rahim Mashaie, the other high-profile independent, to register on Saturday for the vote.

That warning raised speculation that the council would bar Mashaie. The parliamentarians - conservative hardliners loyal to Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei - appeared to follow up by urging the watchdog to disqualify both independents.

After mass protests that followed the 2009 election, Khamenei may have counted on the June 14 vote to install a loyal conservative as president but the surprise candidacies of Rafsanjani and Mashaie scrambled that outlook.

In entering the fray, Rafsanjani - Iran's most prominent political grandee and a relative moderate - and Mashaie, former chief of staff to Ahmadinejad, have broadened what many thought would be a contest between rival pro-Khamenei "principlists".

Principlists dominate parliament and they lost little time in condemning Rafsanjani and Mashaie's electoral quest as the Guardian Council carries out its task of vetting all candidates.

In a letter to the Council, the legislators criticized Rafsanjani for having aligned with opposition forces, who hardliners refer to as "seditionists," after Ahmadinejad's disputed 2009 re-election over reformist challengers triggered months of popular unrest eventually suppressed by force.

"This all shows that he cannot be entrusted with a great responsibility like the presidency," the letter said, according to the semi-official Mehr news agency.

"BLOCK DEVIANTS, SEDITIONISTS"

The petition further denounced Mashaie, who is seen by conservatives in Iran's political establishment to be leading a "deviant current" that promotes an unorthodox version of Islam and seeks to sideline clerical authority.

"The same ones who tried to replace Islamism with nationalism have ... gathered the corrupt and the liberals around them," the letter read. "The Guardian Council, as in the past, can block the way for deviants and seditionists."

The presidential field is otherwise top-heavy with conservatives loyal to Khamenei including Saeed Jalili, chief negotiator in talks with world powers on Iran's disputed nuclear program, and former foreign minister Ali Akbar Velayati.

The Guardian Council is due to issue a final list of approved candidates around May 23.

The council is a body of Islamic jurists and clerics seen to be generally within Khamenei's orbit but has said it is not susceptible to political pressure and would perform its vetting duties in accordance with the law.

Ahmadinejad, barred by Iran's constitution from running for a third consecutive term, was once the favorite of Khamenei's faithful but after repeatedly challenging the supreme leader's authority since 2009, he has fallen from political grace.

Authorities are mindful of pre-empting another eruption of protests like those that followed the 2009 vote, and critics say the government has sought to stifle journalists and activists ahead of the election.

On Wednesday Iranian Intelligence Minister Heydar Moslehi said his ministry was ready to counter any plans to disrupt the elections.

"They have designs for these elections, but they will all be foiled," he said, according to Fars news agency. "Most of these plans are in the areas of media."

In a speech on Wednesday, Khamenei, Iran's most powerful man, said the people of Iran should vote for a "pious, revolutionary" candidate in order to ensure the failure of Iran's "enemy," the ISNA news agency reported.

But he also warned candidates not to promise too much in their campaigns. "In order to attract votes, sometimes candidates introduce slogans outside of the discretion of the president and the possibilities of the country," he said.

(Editing by Mark Heinrich)


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White House releases Benghazi documents

President Barack Obama speaks at a Democratic Party fundraiser at the Waldorf Astoria hotel in New York, May 13, …Under heavy political pressure, the White House on Wednesday released 100 pages of internal Obama Administration emails in which senior officials debated what to tell Americans about the Sept. 11, 2012 terrorist attack in Benghazi, Libya.

Republicans have charged that the White House played down the role of suspected terrorists in the attack, which left four Americans dead including U.S. Ambassador Chris Stevens. GOP lawmakers have said that President Barack Obama's reelection campaign did not want to undermine its message that al-Qaida was on the run. Obama has flatly denied any attempt to deceive the public, and on Monday he called the allegations a "sideshow" that dishonors the memories of those killed.

Some of the back-and-forth has centered on the email messages among top officials looking to craft "talking points" for members of Congress just a few days after the attack. The White House has accused Republicans of pushing "fabricated" messages to damage the administration.

On Wednesday, senior administration officials briefed reporters on the messages and provided binders of 100 pages of emails. The officials said the communications would show that the CIA led the changes to the talking points, including alterations that Republicans claim show a political motive. The officials went through the emails page by page.


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Buenos Aires launches tours for Argentine pope

BUENOS AIRES (AP) — You can see the streets where he grew up and played soccer, the church where Jorge Bergoglio prayed as a teenager and the cathedral where the man who would become Pope Francis said Mass. You can even visit the stand where he bought his newspapers every weekend and where he went for a haircut.

With an Argentine on the throne of St. Peter, the South American country's capital city has launched a series of guided tours to give visitors a glimpse of the places that formed Francis, even if the bus and walking tours are just a modest, and so far non-commercial first stab at papal tourism.

The tour bus is a single-story cruiser with sealed windows above a huge image on each side of Francis and the words "Pope Circuit" in papal yellow, which also happens to be the official color of the metropolitan government that began offering the tours last weekend.

For three hours, the bus winds through Buenos Aires twice each Saturday and Sunday and can carry about 40 passengers, rolling past 24 sites linked to the new pope, but stopping only twice and leaving little opportunity for snapshots. There's no charge for the trip, or for more limited walking tours of downtown and neighborhood sites offered on Tuesdays and Thursdays.

"I loved the tour ... It's to live the history of Bergoglio, of his family, and I also visited his neighborhood, which I had never seen," said Alicia Perez, a 71-year-old Argentine who was one of the few non-journalists on inaugural bus tour.

The house at 531 Membrillar where the pope and four siblings grew up with his mother and father, Regina Maria Sivori and Mario Bergoglio, in the 1930s and 40s is gone now, but the bus cruises down the tree-shaded middle-class street past the property, where another dwelling was later built.

Nearby there's the little plaza where he played soccer as a boy, and the narrow, neo-classical San Jose de Flores church where he worshipped as a teenager and felt called to devote his life to God.

Visitors also see the seminary in the leafy neighborhood of Villa Devoto where Bergoglio decided to become a Jesuit priest, and the Metropolitan Cathedral, which looks more like a classical Greek temple than a typical Catholic church. Bergoglio eventually presided as the capital's archbishop in the imposing structure, which also houses the tomb of South American independence hero Jose de San Martin.

The tour also passes by the Jesuit College of El Salvador, where Bergoglio taught literature and psychology in the 1960s, and the Salvador University he later oversaw.

The tour leaves out the gritty slums where Bergoglio's church was a frequent benefactor, but there's a nod to his reputation for ministering to society's outcasts: a swing past the Devoto prison where he often said Mass on the Thursday before Easter.

The bus finally stops at the parish of San Jose del Talar, where visitors can pray at a sanctuary that features a painting of the Virgin untying knots and passing them to angels. Bergoglio had the painting brought from Germany in the 1980s, and ever since, attendance at the church has soared.

Less sacred ground is covered as well. The bus stops downtown at the historic Roverano passageway, where Bergoglio had a monthly haircut for 20 years at Romano's barber shop, a high-ceilinged place that seems to have been frozen in time since the early 20th Century. But the barbers would rather not be bothered: Tourists are advised to gawk from outside as the artisans with scissors and razors work on their mostly elderly clientele.

"It's a pride to have had Monsignor Bergoglio, now Pope Francis, as a client every month for 20 years," says a poster stuck to the shop window.

Owner Nicolas Romano, 72, is only four years younger than the pope. He told an Associated Press team that returned for a post-tour interview that Bergoglio came to the barbershop until about a decade ago, when one of the barbers began giving him a personal trim at the archbishop's office. An assistant also gave him a monthly pedicure.

"He was a man of few words. He spoke just what was needed, sometimes of politics or current affairs," said one of the barbers, 71-year-old Mario Saliche.

The tour ends at the Plaza de Mayo, which is fronted by the cathedral and the office building where Bergoglio lived alone in a humble room, shunning an ornate diocesan mansion in a northern suburb. The church has not provided outsiders with access to this bedroom, despite the curiosity of the faithful.

Across the plaza is the newsstand where Bergoglio bought his La Nacion paper on Saturdays and Sundays.

"He paid me with coins and we chatted about soccer and how things were," said Nicolas Schandor, who owns the weekend stand. He also said Bergoglio would stop to chat with war veterans occupying the plaza, and give food to the poor who slept on the cathedral's steps. "He's a very simple person. Nobody expected he would become pope."

Schandor's kiosk is one of the few attractions on the trip that shows any evidence of papal commerce: A plastic key holder with the pope's image goes for about $1.90, and a calendar costs $2.30. Schandor said some tourists even have themselves photographed with him.

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AP Video available at https://vimeo.com/66256578


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Vatican: Cardinal O'Brien leaves Scotland to pray, atone after admitting to sexual misconduct

VATICAN CITY - The Vatican says the Scottish cardinal who resigned as archbishop after admitting to sexual misconduct will leave Scotland for several months of prayer and atonement.

Cardinal Keith O'Brien recused himself from the March conclave that elected Pope Francis pontiff after a newspaper reported unnamed priests' allegations that he acted inappropriately toward them.

O'Brien subsequently acknowledged he had engaged in unspecified sexual misbehaviour. He resigned as archbishop of St. Andrews and Edinburgh, apologized and promised to stay out of the church's public life.

On Wednesday, the Vatican said O'Brien, once Britain's highest-ranking Catholic leader, had decided in agreement with Francis to leave Scotland for several months of "prayer, penance and spiritual renewal." A statement says his future arrangements would be decided on in agreement with the Holy See.


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Vatican brings Genesis interpretation to Venice Biennale in return to arts patronage tradition

VATICAN CITY - The Vatican is getting back into its centuries-old tradition of arts patronage with its first-ever exhibit at the Venice Biennale, commissioning a biblically inspired show about creation, destruction and renewal for one of the world's most prestigious contemporary arts festivals.

The Holy See on Tuesday unveiled details of its Venice pavilion, which marks the Vatican's most significant step yet in a renewed effort to engage contemporary artists and intellectuals in ways that once created masterpieces such as the Sistine Chapel, rather than inadvertently inspiring blasphemous art like Andres Serrano's "Piss Christ."

The exhibit "Creation, Un-Creation, Re-Creation," which opens June 1, is not religious art: There are no crucifixes or images of the Madonna or sacred objects that might find themselves on a church altar. Rather, the works explore themes like creation that are important to the church and were executed by internationally recognized contemporary artists, including Czech photographer Josef Koudelka, who were given broad leeway to create.

The initiative is the brainchild of Cardinal Gianfranco Ravasi, the Vatican's culture minister who quotes Hegel as easily as Amy Winehouse and has forged a new Vatican initiative of reaching out to atheists and people of other faiths in regularly scheduled panel discussions around the globe.

"This for us is a germ, a seed to return to the hope that there can be even more commissions between churchmen, ecclesial figures and artists — quality contemporary artists," Ravasi told reporters.

Ravasi has long lamented that the Holy See, whose artistic treasures fill the Vatican Museums and then some, has all but severed its ties with a contemporary art world that frequently finds in the Catholic Church inspiration for headline-grabbing, shock art rather than sublime works of beauty.

Remarkably, the Venice Biennale, which features pavilions for individual nations as well as a curated show of international artists, has provided a very visible venue for such "blasphemous" art ever since its inception.

In the Bienniale's 1895 first edition, the Patriarch of Venice asked the mayor of Venice to ban the exhibit's most talked-about work, Giacomo Grosso's "Supreme Meeting," which featured a coffin surrounded by naked women. Religious leaders feared it would offend the morals of visitors.

The mayor refused to take it down, and the picture went on to win a popular prize at the exhibition's end.

Church officials complained about the 1990 edition, when the American artists' collective Gran Fury, a branch of the gay activist group ACT UP, showed "Pope Piece," an image of John Paul II and an image of a penis. It was meant as a critique of the pontiff's opposition to condoms as a way to fight AIDS.

And in 2001, Italian artist Maurizio Cattelan exhibited his scandalous "La Nona Ora," or "The Ninth Hour" — a life-size figure of John Paul being crushed by a black meteorite.

The Biennale president, Paolo Baratta, acknowledged Tuesday that the Catholic Church and the art world have long had a contentious relationship, noting that there was a time when Caravaggio paintings were considered blasphemous.

"This is a problem that I'm not going to solve," he told The Associated Press. "This is the problem of the coexistence of art and religion and faith."

But he said the Catholic Church had retreated and lost contact with the contemporary art world by remaining stuck in the "reliable" neo-Gothic, neo-Romantic, neo-Classical styles that are "perfectly coherent with religion."

"Every religion has to some extent switched off a bit its relations with art, not just the Cathoilc Church," he said. "It's time that all of them start rethinking their relationship with the creative artists and creative energy of the artist."

Australian-born painter Lawrence Carroll, who was commissioned to do the final installment of the show, "Re-Creation," agreed.

"This is vital, not just for the arts," he said. "I'm sure there was a lot of controversy within the church — that there were probably a lot of people who were against this thing, that it's foolish or wasteful or 'why are we spending money on something like this.' But I think it opens up a dialogue, and I think dialogue is important. It's a start. It's an invitation."

For its inaugural Venice commission, the Vatican picked three well-known artists and art groups and gave them a relatively simple source of inspiration: the first 11 chapters of the Book of Genesis. The text describes Creation, the introduction of evil, destruction and sin into the world, followed by hope for mankind in a renewed creation.

Being Catholic wasn't a criterion: Vatican officials said they weren't even sure of the artists' faiths. Rather, the artists were selected based on the body of their pre-existing work.

The Milan-based multimedia group Studio Azzurro was selected for the "Creation" part of the three-space exhibit: It features a darkened room with a mass of stone in the centre that when touched creates images and sounds that recall the animal and vegetable kingdoms.

Czech photographer Koudelka provided the "Un-Creation" section, a series of 18 photos and three triptychs exploring destruction: war, environmental degradation, and the conflict between nature and industry. Koudelka famously photographed Soviet-led tanks invading Prague in 1968 — images that were smuggled to the United States and published anonymously because of fear that his family would suffer reprisals.

The third installment, "Re-Creation," was given to Carroll, who often employs re-used materials in his work. He created a floor piece and four wall paintings, one of which has a freezing element that causes it to melt and refreeze cyclically.

To provide at least some reference point back to the Vatican's artistic patrimony, the exhibit opens with an homage by the 20th-century Italian painter Tano Festa to Michelangelo, the Sistine Chapel and its depictions of Adam and original sin.

Micol Forti, head of the modern and contemporary art at the Vatican Museums, said her only regret about the Vatican's selection was that no female artists were included. Four were approached, but none was able to participate, Forti told reporters.

"Given the theme of Genesis and Creation, we would have wanted that voice reflected," she said.

The Holy See is one of eight countries being represented at the 55th Venice Biennale for the first time. In a coincidence, its pavilion is located in the Sale d'Armi, right next to the Argentine pavilion.

The Argentine-born Pope Francis, known for his humble ways and focus on the poor, hasn't shown a particular interest in liturgical art or music. Whether Ravasi's initiative continues remains to be seen, but his office was quick to point out that the €750,000 ($975,000) price tag — which includes the payment to the artists for their materials and fees Biennale organizers — was entirely covered by corporate sponsorship and private donations.

And the Vatican's presence at Venice isn't entirely out of the norm: The Holy See has a long history of participation in international exhibitions dating to the first World's Fair, the 1851 "Great Exhibition" in London. Ravasi said Tuesday the Holy See would likely participate in the Milan expo in 2015.

The Venice Biennale, which also features the famous summertime Venice film festival, runs through Nov. 24.

___

Follow Nicole Winfield at www.twitter.com/nwinfield


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Columbia seeks to change ‘whites only’ scholarship

Columbia University (Thinkstock)

This is awkward, to say the least. Columbia University offers a fellowship, launched in 1920, that can only be awarded to someone from Iowa—someone white from Iowa.

To rectify this, the university is finally making changes to the Lydia C. Roberts graduate and traveling fellowship, which limits its recipients to the categories of Iowan and "Caucasian."

According to the New York Daily News, Columbia filed an affidavit with Manhattan’s supreme court to get the restriction lifted. "Circumstances have so changed from the time when the Trust was established" that complying with the restrictions is "impossible," the Daily News writes, quoting the filing. "Columbia University is now prohibited by law and University policy from discriminating on the basis of race."

The money was left to Columbia by Iowa native Lydia C. Chamberlain, who died in 1920. The fund's administrator is now JP Morgan Chase. The fellowships have not been awarded since 1997, according to the Daily News, although it's unclear why.

The white-only rule may violate the U.S. Constitution, adds the New York Post. But the fund, now up to $800,000, cannot be changed without going to court.

The Post also notes that when the NAACP complained about the "whites only" clause in 1949, the provost at the time, Grayson L. Kirk, defended it as helpful to those who qualify. “We do not feel we are justified in depriving some of our students of the benefits of restricted grants simply because they are not available to everyone,” he said, according to the paper.

The Post also writes that when the scholarship was first awarded in 1920 it was for $750, easily covering the annual $180 tuition. In 2013, that same annual tuition is north of $45,000.

The trust's bizarre restrictions aren’t limited to race and place, by the way.

The Post adds that fellows “must not study law or several other fields, and must return to Iowa for two years after graduating.”


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Learn How to Pay for Short Study Abroad Trips

Short-term study abroad students can pay for some - but not all - program expenses through withdrawals from a 529 plan, a tax-advantaged higher education investment account.

Students taking an international course offered by their U.S. university can easily find out the full cost of attendance, but not all of these costs are allowed expenses for 529 withdrawals, says Michael Eisenberg, a Los Angeles-based certified public accountant and personal financial specialist.

Tuition and textbooks are qualified expenses, an educational cost that can be withdrawn from these college savings plans without incurring a tax penalty. And room and board expenses qualify as well, depending on the circumstances.

Housing and food costs on a weeklong side trip the student decided to take - a trip that isn't directly education related - could not, for example, be covered by 529 plan funds.

Some expenses are never allowed regardless of the length of the course: currency exchange, international travel and health care costs. For families who will use some 529 plan funds for short-term or summer study abroad programs, experts recommend the following.

[Explore the colleges where the most students study abroad.]

1. Withdraw 529 plan funds for tuition and textbooks: Costs associated with overseas trips offered by U.S. universities are subject to the rules of the Internal Revenue Service when it comes to qualified educational expenses, Eisenberg says. Tuition and textbooks are always qualified expenses, provided the student is at least a half-time student and attending an IRS-designated eligible educational institution, he says.

2. Plan for ineligible expenses: Families shouldn't withdraw funds for health care, currency or transportation expenses from 529 plan accounts, Eisenberg says. However, they should estimate those costs.

Students can purchase international health insurance in short increments such as 30 days, says Chris Deegan, director of the study abroad program at the University of Illinois--Chicago.

Jimmy Williams, a certified public accountant and personal financial specialist in Oklahoma, says differences in the currency rate of exchange can either boost or deflate costs by 10 percent in a week for most European countries. However, any tuition and other costs paid directly to the U.S. university do not incur currency exchange fluctuation, since the program is priced in U.S. dollars, Williams says.

[Know how to use 529 plan savings to pay for college.]

3. Apply for study abroad scholarships: Study abroad scholarships can pay for short-term overseas studies or fill in the gap from what can't be withdrawn from a 529 plan, Eisenberg says. Parents may be surprised at how much funding is available for these experiences.

"There are a substantial amount of scholarships available to study abroad students that isn't available to students studying solely in the U.S.," Deegan says.

Pell Grant-eligible students can apply for the Benjamin A. Gilman International Scholarship, he says, which may pay for up to $8,000 of expenses. Last year, $300,000 in scholarship and grant dollars were awarded at the University of Illinois--Chicago for all study abroad programs.

[Learn more about paying for study abroad with 529 plan.]

4. Determine entire room and board expenses before withdrawing funds: Room and board charges can be qualified expenses, but it's the amount covered that varies.

For example, a student is taking a three-week educational trip to Paris. On-campus housing and a meal plan for the three weeks costs $2,000, but the student has a friend in Paris he or she can stay with off-campus for a month for $1,500, including food - $500 less than the room and board purchased from the university.

But since the course is 21 days long, the cost of the apartment for the other 10 days is not a direct educational expense, Eisenberg says. Almost a third of that room and board could incur a tax penalty if withdrawn from a 529 plan.

Parents and students need to evaluate each associated cost to determine both what can be withdrawn and what experiences they're willing to pay for, experts say.

Trying to fund your education? Get tips and more in the U.S. News Paying for College center.


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Prince Harry end U.S. visit with polo match

GREENWICH, Conn. (AP) — Britain's Prince Harry helped lead a polo team to victory in a charity match before a society crowd Wednesday in Greenwich, wrapping up a weeklong visit to the United States in which he also toured areas devastated by Superstorm Sandy and avoided the kind of salacious headlines stirred by his last American tour.

The prince scored a game-tying goal in the match to benefit Sentebale, the charity he co-founded to help poor children and AIDS orphans in the small African nation of Lesotho.

"Thank you for a wonderful week," Prince Harry said in a speech before taking to the manicured field at the Greenwich Polo Club. "I have witnessed the extraordinary generosity of the people of this great nation."

The match drew an invitation-only crowd of about 400 including supermodel Karolina Kurkova and fashion designers Jason Wu and Valentino, who posed for pictures on a red carpet at the club on their way to lunch with the prince.

"Is the sun coming out?" Kurkova asked as she posed in a light rain.

Greenwich, a New York City suburb, ranks among the wealthiest towns in America and is hardly unaccustomed to fanfare. But for some, the royal visit of the 28-year-old prince still was cause for celebration.

At the Atelier360 shop on Greenwich Avenue, the company was holding a party with tea and cucumber sandwiches. Co-owner Veronique Lee said British designers are well represented at the boutique, which sells items including hand bags, flasks and cuff links.

"We like royalty. What can you say?" Lee said. "We're having a lot of fun here."

The polo club, founded by billionaire Peter Brant in 1981, has hosted other British royals including the Duke and Duchess of York, Prince Andrew and Sarah Ferguson, in 1987 and Torquhil Campbell, the Scottish Duke of Argyll, in 2012. Brant said Wednesday that Harry's father and grandfather were good players and he was excited to watch Harry play at his club.

"It's a great honor," he said "It's great for polo."

Dressed in a navy-colored suit, white shirt and no tie, the prince arrived at the club in the late morning and was greeted by Brant and his wife, model Stephanie Seymour. They viewed a selection of art from the Brant Foundation Art Study Center as well as some paintings owned Brant, including some pieces by Andy Warhol, in the club's entrance hall.

After trying his hand at baseball in New York City on Tuesday, Harry showed his athleticism playing "the sport of kings." Harry scored a goal to tie the polo match at 3-3, and his team went on to a 4-3 win. Dawn Jones, the wife of actor Tommy Lee Jones, scored for the opposing team and was named most valuable player.

Connecticut Gov. Dannel Malloy was not among the invited. "He's more of a hockey guy, anyway," Malloy spokesman David Bednarz told the Greenwich Time.

Prince Harry also touted the work of Sentebale and thanked people for their support of the charity. Sentebale — which means "forget-me-not" — is a charity founded by Harry and Lesotho's Prince Seeiso that helps children struggling with poverty in the tiny southern African country.

"The HIV pandemic continues to leave thousands of children without parents and family structures to guide them through life," the prince said. "Without this support, basic needs such as food, shelter and care remain unmet, leaving children vulnerable and very often without much hope in their lives."

On his last U.S. visit, the third-in-line to the British throne stormed into the headlines last year when he was caught frolicking in the nude with a woman after an alleged game of strip billiards in his Las Vegas hotel room.

The Greenwich visit struck a lighter tone than his stop the previous day in New Jersey, where he toured two shore communities devastated by Superstorm Sandy.

New Jersey Gov. Chris Christie showed the prince a spot in Mantoloking where the sea had cut the town in half, taking out a bridge and houses. The channel has since been filled in. Every one of the wealthy town's 521 homes was damaged or destroyed. Scores remain as piles of rubble.

"This used to be a house?" Prince Harry asked at one barren spot.

The prince said he was impressed to see "everyone getting together and making things right."

He also spent Tuesday in New York City at events promoting tourism, entrepreneurism and philanthropy.

The prince, the son of Prince Charles and the late Princess Diana, began his visit to the U.S. on May 9. He is third in line to the British throne, after his father and older brother, Prince William.

____

Associated Press writer Angela Delli Santi contributed to this report from Seaside Heights, N.J.


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Departing IRS head cites need to restore trust in agency

WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Steven Miller, who resigned on Wednesday as the acting head of the Internal Revenue Service, said in a message to colleagues that there is a "strong and immediate need" to restore public trust in the nation's tax agency.

Miller resigned after the IRS became embroiled in a controversy over the agency's targeting of conservative groups for extra scrutiny.

"It is with regret that I will be departing from the IRS as my acting assignment ends in early June," Miller said in an internal message that was released by the IRS. "This has been an incredibly difficult time for the IRS given the events of the past few days, and there is a strong and immediate need to restore public trust in the nation's tax agency."

(Reporting By Karey Van Hall; Editing by Bill Trott)


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O.J. Simpson testifies in bid for new trial

LAS VEGAS (AP) — More than four years after the world last heard from O.J. Simpson in court, one of the nation's most famous prisoners spoke again Wednesday in a bid to win freedom from a sentence that could keep him behind bars until he dies.

Simpson took the stand to testify about his legal representation by attorney Yale Galanter in the case involving a strange hotel room confrontation with sports memorabilia dealers that led to a robbery-kidnap conviction.

Under questioning by his co-counsel, Patricia Palm, Simpson began discussing his background with Galanter.

"Yale had a good relationship with the media," Simpson said.

"I was in the media a lot. He was able to refute many of the tabloid stories," Simpson said with a laugh. "He sort of liked doing it; he told me he did."

The 65-year-old former football star and actor, now with short graying hair, receding hairline and dressed in drab prison blue scrubs, spoke clearly and confidently as he also recounted events leading up to the confrontation in a hotel room where the dealers had Simpson footballs and family photos.

He became a bit emotional as he talked about the items.

In 2008, he was near tears as he told a judge: "I didn't mean to steal anything from anybody. ... I'm sorry. I'm sorry for all of it."

There is no jury in the hearing and his fate will be determined by Clark County District Judge Linda Marie Bell.

Unlike previous days of the hearing, the courtroom was full, with Tracy Baker, daughter of Simpson sister Shirley Baker, Charles Durio, husband of Simpson's deceased sister, Carmelita, in the second row. Also on hand was Tom Scotto, a Simpson friend from Miami whose wedding brought Simpson to Las Vegas.

A marshal turned people away, sending more than 15 people to an overflow room where video was streamed live.

When he went to trial in 2008, Simpson did not testify — a decision that one of his lawyers said was pushed upon him by Galanter.

With 19 points raised to support reversal in the writ of habeas corpus, Simpson was expected to answer many questions from his lawyers and then undergo cross-examination by an attorney for the state who wants to keep him in prison.

Simpson is serving nine to 33 years in prison for his conviction on armed robbery, kidnapping and other charges. Simpson has said, and was likely to repeat, that he never saw any guns.

Earlier, attorney Gabriel Grasso was Simpson's star witness, the Las Vegas lawyer who joined the case when his old friend, Galanter, called and said, "Hey, Gabe, want to be famous?"

He said he soon realized he would be doing most of the behind-the-scenes work while Galanter made the decisions.

"I could advise O.J. all day long, and he was very respectful of me," Grasso told the court. "But if I advised him of something different from what Yale said, he would do what Yale said."

It was Galanter's decision not to have Simpson testify, Grasso said.

Under questioning from H. Leon Simon, attorney for the state, Grasso acknowledged the trial judge, Jackie Glass, specifically asked Simpson if he wanted to testify and he said no.

"Mr. Galanter told him, 'This is the way it's going to be,'" Grasso said, adding he would have put him on the stand.

He said Simpson's confidence in Galanter was born of the acquittal he gained for Simpson in a road rage case in Florida five years after his 1995 acquittal on murder charges in the stabbing deaths of his ex-wife, Nicole Brown Simpson, and her friend, Ronald Goldman.

Galanter is now the focus of Simpson's motion claiming ineffective assistance of counsel and conflict of interest. He has declined to comment until he takes the stand Friday.

There are questions of money, too. Grasso accused Galanter of lining his own pockets while telling him they were "operating on a shoestring" and couldn't afford to hire expert witnesses. Simpson's business attorney, Leroy "Skip" Taft, testified by phone Tuesday that he kept getting big bills from Galanter but no explanation of what costs were eating up hundreds of thousands of dollars.

Witness after witness spoke of a proposed plea bargain that Galanter turned down on Simpson's behalf but no one was sure the defendant knew about it.

There were rumors that Galanter gave his blessings to Simpson's plan to show up at the hotel room and reclaim his memorabilia, which two dealers were trying to peddle.

Retired Clark County District Attorney David Roger, who prosecuted Simpson, was asked whether investigators determined if Galanter helped Simpson plan the hotel room confrontation.

"He said he did not advise Mr. Simpson to commit armed robbery," Roger said.

"And he said he wasn't there?" asked Simpson attorney Ozzie Fumo.

"Yes," Roger replied.

Others have testified that Galanter was in Las Vegas and had dinner with Simpson the night before.

The other prosecutor, Chris Owens, testified about discovering phone calls between the two but hiding that fact from the judge. He identified at least 10 calls in the days preceding and on Sept. 13, 2007.

Both prosecutors described an agreement with the Simpson defense that was read to the jury saying there were no calls.

"So you stipulated to events that weren't true?" Fumo asked Owens.

"It was in the form of a legal construct," Owens replied and said the judge encouraged it because she didn't want to confuse the jury with another issue.

This is Simpson's last chance under state law to prove that he was wrongly convicted. A federal court appeal is still possible.

___

Find Ken Ritter on Twitter: http://twitter.com/krttr


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Potentially explosive devices found in L.A. apartment

LOS ANGELES (AP) — A police bomb squad searched an apartment Wednesday afternoon after finding explosive material in a man's car and potentially explosive devices in his apartment.

The bomb squad went to the apartment complex in the Palms neighborhood of an area of the city known as Westside after officers stopped a man for improper vehicle registration Tuesday night and spotted a clear liquid that was concerning, said Los Angeles police Sgt. Rudy Lopez. They also found a gun and narcotics, and the man was arrested.

An analysis of the liquid determined there was "an explosive component" to it, Lopez said.

That discovery led to Wednesday's search of the man's apartment, where multiple homemade devices were found that might be explosive. No search warrant was involved because the man gave consent and the situation was urgent, Lopez said.

Four buildings were evacuated and several blocks sealed off.

"There are items out there that are highly concerning," Lopez said. "We don't know exactly what's in them at this time, but we're going to play it safe, assess it, remove it."

Lt. Andrew Neiman said the bomb squad was in the process of rendering safe several devices found in the building.

The man has not yet been formally booked because investigators are still determining the extent of the alleged crimes, Lopez said. He said it's likely he will be booked for felony possession of a destructive device.

Police are withholding the man's name until the investigation has concluded.

"He's not going anywhere," Lopez said.

LAPD spokesman Sgt. Frank Preciado said there was "no terrorist connection whatsoever."

"This appears to be an individual who was just very curious with explosive devices and then manufactured them," Preciado said.

During the evacuation, residents were directed to a nearby shelter being managed by the Red Cross.

Los Angeles firefighters and Culver City police are assisting the department. The LAPD's criminal conspiracy unit and Hazmat team are also investigating.


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‘Angry’ Obama says acting IRS chief fired

President Barack Obama will make previously unannounced remarks on the IRS scandal at 6 p.m. Wednesday, his press office said. The president's statement from the East Room of the White House will come a little more than an hour after a meeting with senior Treasury Department officials to discuss the controversy, which centers on the IRS' acknowledgement that it improperly targeted conservative groups for scrutiny.

In a written statement late Tuesday, Obama called the IRS' behavior "intolerable and inexcusable," and said that he had directed Treasury Secretary Jack Lew "to hold those responsible for these failures accountable."

On Wednesday, Attorney General Eric Holder promised angry lawmakers that the Justice Department will undertake a national investigation into the IRS wrongdoing.

"We will take a dispassionate view of this," said Holder, who faced tough questioning from the House Judiciary Committee. "This will not be about parties ... anyone who has broken the law will be held accountable."

Holder said he had launched an investigation last Friday into why the IRS subjected conservative groups to more review when they applied for tax-exempt status. The IRS inspector general's report said that a group of low-level staffers in an Ohio office were responsible, and a top IRS official has apologized on their behalf.

But Holder promised that the investigation will look well beyond Ohio, and suggested that civil rights laws could have been violated.

Rep. Bobby Scott, D-Va., asked Holder at the hearing whether an "apology" from the IRS protected them from criminal prosecution. Holder answered, "No."

The Obama Administration is under fire over the IRS, the president's handling of the Sept. 11, 2012 terrorist attack in Benghazi, Libya, and the Department of Justice's secret collection of telephone records of Associated Press reporters and editors.

Republicans have been hammering Obama on all three matters. While Democrats have largely defended him—and former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton—on Benghazi, they have joined their GOP colleagues in denouncing the IRS and in expressing deep concerns about the AP phone records.

On Monday, Obama dismissed Republican charges of a cover-up in the Benghazi situation as a "sideshow" lacking any merit. He has yet to comment directly on the AP issue.


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AP records seizure just latest step in sweeping U.S. leak probe

By Mark Hosenball and Tabassum Zakaria

WASHINGTON (Reuters) - The Justice Department's controversial decision to seize phone records of Associated Press journalists was just one element in a sweeping U.S. government investigation into media leaks about a Yemen-based plot to bomb a U.S. airliner, government officials said on Wednesday.

The search for who leaked the information is being led by the U.S. Attorney's Office in Washington and has involved extensive FBI interviews of personnel at the Justice Department, U.S. intelligence agencies, the White House's National Security staff and the FBI itself.

The interviews have been lengthy and thorough, said people who have been questioned in the investigation, but requested anonymity. Two of those interviewed said leak inquiries were always aggressive and that being questioned is a wearing and unpleasant experience.

The investigation, which a law enforcement official has said was prompted by a May 7, 2012, AP story about the operation to foil the Yemen plot, appears to be ongoing. Some potential witnesses have been advised they are likely to be interviewed in the next two or three weeks.

Officials in the office of Ronald Machen, the U.S. attorney for the District of Columbia, could not immediately be reached for comment.

Attorney General Eric Holder, who recused himself from involvement in the case, largely sidestepped questions from angry lawmakers on Wednesday about his department's secret seizure of AP records, which the news agency revealed on Monday.

The seizure, denounced by critics as a gross intrusion into freedom of the press, has created an uproar in Washington and led to questions about how the Obama administration is balancing the need for national security with privacy rights.

There are signs the administration's efforts to find the alleged leaker were unproductive - at least before the Justice Department seized two months of records of phone calls by the AP and its journalists.

"Seeking toll records associated with media organizations is undertaken only after all other reasonable alternative investigative steps have been taken," Holder's deputy, James Cole, said in a letter on Tuesday to AP President Gary Pruitt, who has protested the government's action.

In that letter, Cole revealed the Justice Department had conducted more than 550 interviews and reviewed tens of thousands of documents before subpoenaing phone company records of AP calls.

Reuters was one of nearly 50 news organizations that signed a letter to Holder on Tuesday complaining about the AP phone record seizures.

'BREATHTAKING SCOPE'

Floyd Abrams, a prominent First Amendment and media attorney, said, "The breathtaking scope of these subpoenas served on the telephone companies might suggest that after all this time, they have no idea who they're looking for."

Another possibility is "they are touching all bases" because they suspect someone but are not sure, said Abrams, a partner at Cahill Gordon and Reindel LLP in New York. He said it was difficult for an outsider to know.

"I don't think that there is any doubt that this is a serious investigation that they have spent a lot of time on and that they feel deeply about," Abrams said. Justice's targeting of a large number of phone lines and the AP journalists who use them "taken together, certainly makes it look like the largest, most intrusive action by the government vis-a-vis the press that I can remember."

Holder has called the leak "very, very serious" and said it "put the American people at risk." He did not provide details.

The AP has reported that it delayed reporting the story of how the United States had foiled a plot by a suicide bomber affiliated with Yemen-based Al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula, or AQAP, at the request of government officials, who said it would jeopardize national security. Once U.S. officials said those concerns were allayed, the AP said, it disclosed the plot.

A law enforcement official said on Wednesday that because officials were so concerned and shocked by the leak, they opened an investigation into how the AP found out about the spy operation even before the news agency ran its initial story. The AP had contacted the government and asked for comment several days before the story was published.

The AP's first story reported the CIA had "thwarted an ambitious plot" by AQAP to attack an airline with a newly designed underwear bomb and said the FBI had acquired the bomb. The AP reported it did not know what had happened to the alleged bomber.

A few hours after the story was published, John Brennan, then chief White House counterterrorism adviser and now director of the CIA, held a conference call with former counterterrorism officials who frequently appear as TV commentators. Brennan said the plot was never a threat to the U.S. public or air safety because Washington had "inside control" over it.

That night, Richard Clarke, a former counterterrorism adviser to Presidents Bill Clinton and George W. Bush, suggested on ABC News there was a Western spy or double agent in on the plot. "The U.S. government is saying it never came close because they had insider information, insider control, which implies that they had somebody on the inside who wasn't going to let it happen," Clarke said.

The next day's headlines were filled with news of a U.S. spy planted inside AQAP who had acquired the latest, non-metallic model of the underwear bomb and handed it over to U.S. authorities.

Reuters subsequently reported that the spy inside AQAP had been recruited by British intelligence, principally the counterterrorism agency known as MI-5, that the informant had to be whisked to safety, and that UK authorities were deeply distressed that news of the operation had leaked.

During Senate consideration of his nomination to become CIA director, Brennan confirmed he had been interviewed by people investigating both the foiled bomb plot leak and another series of leaks related to alleged U.S. cyber warfare against Iran's nuclear program.

Brennan strongly denied he had leaked any sensitive or secret information to the media. Sources familiar with Brennan's conference call with the TV pundits said at least two of the former officials who were on the call with Brennan had not been contacted by leak investigators.

(Editing by Warren Strobel and Peter Cooney)


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Arizona jury finds Arias eligible for death penalty in ex-boyfriend's slaying

By Brad Poole

(Reuters) - An Arizona jury on Wednesday declared Jodi Arias eligible to receive the death penalty for the fatal shooting and stabbing of her ex-boyfriend in 2008, saying that she had acted with extreme cruelty.

The jury was due to return to court on Thursday to weigh additional evidence in deciding whether to actually sentence Arias to death or to life in prison for killing Travis Alexander, 30.

The same jury rejected Arias' claims of self-defense to convict her last week of the first-degree murder of Alexander, whose body was found slumped in the shower of his Phoenix-area home five years ago. He had been stabbed 27 time, had his throat slashed and been shot in the face.

The penalty phase of the proceedings moved swiftly on its first day on Wednesday. After prosecution and defense presentations, the jury deliberated for about three hours before deciding Arias was eligible for the death penalty and then recessed for the day.

Arias appeared agitated and tearful at times during the proceedings, wiping her eyes and nose with a tissue and mostly keeping her gaze downward. But she kept her composure during the reading of the jury's verdict finding that she had committed the murder in an "especially cruel" manner.

She had been placed on suicide watch in a psychiatric ward following her conviction a week ago after saying in a television interview that she would prefer the death penalty to life in prison, but she was returned to her jail cell on Monday.

The petite, 32-year-old former waitress from California had sought unsuccessfully to convince the jury during her trial that she acted in self-defense.

She admitted shooting Alexander, with whom she was having an on-again, off-again affair, but said she opened fire on him with his own pistol after he attacked her in a rage because she dropped his camera while taking snapshots of him in the shower. She said she did not remember stabbing him.

The lurid circumstances of the case, which went to trial in January and featured graphic testimony, photographs of the blood-sprayed crime scene and a sex tape, became a sensation on cable television news and unfolded in live Internet telecasts of the proceedings.

On Wednesday, prosecutors focused on the grisly details of Alexander's slaying in their bid to cast the crime as especially cruel - a legal standard for aggravating factors that would qualify Arias for the death sentence.

FIERCE ATTACK

Prosecutor Juan Martinez recounted how Arias attacked Alexander in his own shower, repeatedly stabbing him for two minutes as he tried to escape from the bathroom. She then followed the bleeding victim down a hallway and slashed his throat when he was too weak to get away.

Alexander knew he was going to die and was unable to resist his attacker at that point, Martinez said.

"Each and every time that blade went into his body, it hurt," Martinez told the jury. "It was only death that relieved that pain. It was only death that relieved that anguish, and that is especially cruel."

The defense argued that adrenaline would have prevented Alexander from feeling the pain of the knife blows, thus reducing his suffering. If the bullet wound to his forehead came first, rendering him unconscious in seconds, then Alexander would not have suffered, defense attorney Kirk Nurmi said.

During the trial, Martinez cast Arias as manipulative and prone to jealousy in previous relationships. He said she had meticulously planned to kill Alexander, a businessman and motivational speaker.

In making his case for premeditated murder, Martinez had accused Arias of bringing the pistol used in the killing, which has not been recovered, with her from California home to the scene of the crime. He said she also rented a car, removed its license plate and bought gasoline cans and fuel to conceal her journey to the Phoenix suburbs to kill Alexander.

Martinez said Arias also lied after the killing to deflect any suspicion that she had been involved in his death, leaving a voicemail on Alexander's cellphone, sending flowers to his grandmother and telling detectives she was not at the crime scene before changing her story.

Nurmi, meanwhile, argued that Arias had snapped in the "sudden heat of passion" in the moments between a photograph she took showing Alexander alive and taking a shower, and a subsequent picture of his apparently dead body covered in blood.

(Writing by Steve Gorman; Editing by Cynthia Johnston, Tim Dobbyn and Bill Trott)


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Jury cites 'greed factor' in abortion doc's case

Jurors who found Philadelphia abortion doctor Kermit Gosnell guilty of first-degree murder for killing three new born infants said today that his "greed" was a major element in their verdict.

The jurors spoke after Gosnell, 72, was sentenced to a third life sentence. They are to be served consecutively, ensuring that he will spend the rest of his life in prison.

The doctor was accused of routinely carrying out late term abortions, but was convicted of "snipping" the spinal cords of three babies who were born alive.

Jury foreman David Misko explained today outside the courthouse what made the jury decide on first degree murder.

"The premeditation of it," he said. "It was just business as usual with him, he snipped the necks no matter what happened, so it seems that was what it was the premeditation of the babies."

Juror Joseph Carroll emerged from the courthouse to explain the jury's deliberations.

"Most of us felt it came down to a greed factor. The services … it was like a machine. They came in, he gave them a service, and bam, the women were gone," Carroll said.

Juror Sarah Glinski said today that the hardest part of the trial was viewing the images of the lifeless new borns.

"Seeing those photos and just having to say to myself, 'This did happen to those kids. There were children that died at the hands of this man.' That was what was hard for me. To admit that that kind of evil exists in this world," she said.

Gosnell was handed two life sentences Tuesday after a deal was struck with prosecutors which spared him a potential death sentence. The third sentence was handed down today. Gosnell was also sentenced to 2.5 to 5 years in prison for the 2009 overdose death of a female patient.

He was cleared of the "snipping" death of a fourth infant.

The guilty verdicts against Gosnell came on Monday, the jury's 10th day of deliberations.

The Philadelphia clinic run by Gosnell has been described as a "pill mill" for drug addicts by day, and an "abortion mill" by night. When Gosnell aborted the fetus of a teen who was nearly 30 weeks pregnant, he allegedly joked the baby was so big it could "walk to the bus."

For two months, the jury heard often grisly testimony, including from members of Gosnell's staff. Eight staffers have pleaded guilty to several crimes. Prosecutors said none of the staff were licensed nurses or doctors.

Gosnell ran the Women's Medical Society in West Philadelphia for decades until February 2010, when FBI agents raided his clinic looking for evidence of prescription drug dealing.

Instead they found, as reported in a nearly 300 page grand jury report released in 2011, a filthy, decrepit "house of horrors."

Blood was on the floor, the clinic reeked of urine and bags of fetal remains were stacked in freezers. The clinic was shut down and Gosnell's medical license was suspended after the raid.

Despite repeated complaints to state officials over the years -- as well as 46 lawsuits filed against Gosnell -- investigators said in the report that state regulators had conducted five inspections since the clinic had opened in 1979.

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Thứ Ba, 14 tháng 5, 2013

Syria: Damaged landmarks await peace, restoration

Omar Islam has undertaken a Sisyphean task. In the midst of Syria's civil war, this former archaeology student with a master's degree in restoration work is dodging sniper fire, artillery, and airstrikes to catalog the destruction of Aleppo's historical landmarks.

Today's battlefield was once a major tourist attraction. Aleppo's Old City is one of six places in Syria classified by UNESCO as a world heritage site and is one of the country's main attractions.

The recent loss of the minaret on the famous Umayyad Mosque brought the threats facing historical landmarks here to outsiders' attention. The 11th-century mosque, however, is just one in a long list of ancient monuments damaged by the fighting – a list that includes two ancient markets, a library, several mosques, and historical bathhouses.

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Activists have now collected photos and videos of the mosque, still very near the front line. Piles of rubble fill the mosque's courtyard, once known for its elaborate stonework. The five-level minaret, considered by many Islamic scholars to be among the most distinctive in the region, collapsed into a pile of stones indistinguishable from countless destroyed buildings. The destruction is a blow to Syria's heritage and possibly to the postwar economy if it deters tourists, who accounted for 12 percent of the city's prewar economy.

"At this point, we can fix the damage and return the monuments to as they were before, but if the fighting continues like this we may lose some of these monuments forever," warns Mr. Islam, director of the Heritage Office at the Aleppo Administrative Council.

Between 30 and 40 percent of the city's ancient landmarks have been damaged or destroyed since 2012. Heavy fighting prevents Islam and his colleagues from assessing several important sites.

"People working with these places and ancient things think that these ancient things have a spirit and a soul. Losing them is like losing a person," Islam says.

Those working to protect the sites say they hope some of the damage can be undone.

"Not all the damage is as bad as you'd imagine," says Abu Mahmoud, director of the Syrian Association for Preserving Heritage and Ancient Landmarks. "Even if the minaret [of the Umayyad Mosque] was destroyed, we are trying to save the stones so we can rebuild it the same as it was before."

Islam's group receives little outside support. Islam says he would like to reach out to UNESCO for help, but he doesn't have the slightest idea how to contact them.

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Texas plant explosion investigation results to be released Thursday

By Lisa Maria Garza

DALLAS (Reuters) - Investigators will announce on Thursday the results of a probe into what caused last month's fertilizer plant explosion in West, Texas, that killed 14 people and obliterated sections of the small town, a state agency said on Tuesday.

The State Fire Marshal's Office and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives will release the findings of their joint investigation at a news conference, according to a news release from the fire marshal's office.

Texas officials on Friday announced a criminal investigation into the blast.

Investigators confirmed a week ago that ammonium nitrate stored at the West Fertilizer Co detonated in the April 17 explosion. The cause of the fire and subsequent blast at the facility, which also injured around 200 people, is expected to be announced by officials on Thursday.

More than 70 investigators have developed more than 200 leads, from which more than 400 interviews have been conducted, investigators said last week.

Investigators believe the fire started somewhere in the 12,000-square-foot (1,100-square-meter) fertilizer and seed building.

Looking into the cause of the initial fire, they have eliminated the weather, natural causes, anhydrous ammonia, a railcar containing ammonium nitrate, and a fire within the ammonium nitrate bin.

Additionally, they said water used during fire-fighting activities did not contribute to the cause of the explosion as some had speculated.

Bryce Reed, a Texas paramedic who was among the first responders at the explosion site, was arrested last week for possession of pipe bomb components. State officials have said no evidence linked Reed's arrest to the plant disaster.

Reed is expected to plead not guilty in federal court on Wednesday, his lawyer said.

(Editing by Corrie MacLaggan, Cynthia Johnston and Mohammad Zargham)


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